Lundby & Robach 2016, Does altitude training increase performance in elite athletes?

Exp Physiol 101:783-788. Sceptical review arguing the evidence base is weak: most studies lacked placebo controls, used small samples, and were not in genuine elites, and apparent individual “responders” are inflated by regression to the mean and haemoglobin-mass measurement error. Conclusion: the foundation for recommending altitude training to athletes is weak. Drew a published rebuttal from the pro-altitude camp (Millet et al. 2017, Exp Physiol 102:130-131), so cite both to represent the live disagreement. The anchor for the publication-bias and controls critique.