Mazéas et al. 2022, Gamification and physical activity, a meta-analysis

Systematic review and meta-analysis of 16 randomised trials (2,407 participants) of gamified physical-activity interventions (points, badges, challenges, leaderboards). Gamification produced a small-to-moderate increase in activity (Hedges g=0.42) that partly persisted after the programme ended but weakened substantially (follow-up g=0.15). Moderate.