Dietary nitrate and exercise performance (umbrella review of 20 reviews)

Umbrella review pooling more than twenty systematic reviews of nitrate supplementation. Nitrate is heavily studied, but the effects are small and inconsistent, most trials use young, recreationally active men, and benefits appear mainly in recreational athletes rather than elites, with few large controlled trials in elite or female populations. Establishes that the Group A rating rests on a large volume of mostly small studies showing a modest, conditional effect. Moderate.