Siebenmann et al. 2012, Placebo-controlled live high-train low

J Appl Physiol 112:106-117. The key double-blind, placebo-controlled LHTL trial: 16 cyclists, 16 h/day for 4 weeks at simulated 3,000 m (normobaric) versus a normal-air placebo, training below 1,200 m. Null across the board: haemoglobin mass, VO2max, time-trial power and economy all unchanged versus placebo. Defenders argue the simulated dose sat near the lower threshold; either way it shows real-world normobaric LHTL can produce nothing. Strong (placebo-controlled); the anchor for the sceptical case.