Tankink et al. 2024, optimised rocker profile and running economy

European Journal of Sport Science study using human-in-the-loop optimisation to tune the longitudinal rocker (forefoot curvature) profile of a running shoe. An individually optimised rocker increased the positive work done at the ankle and improved running economy, showing that sole curvature is an independent design lever for economy, not just a by-product of stack and plate.