Mountjoy et al. 2023, IOC consensus statement on REDs

The third IOC consensus statement on Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, updating the 2014 and 2018 versions after roughly 180 new studies. It places low energy availability as the root cause, sets out a physiological model spanning bone, endocrine, menstrual, metabolic, immune and performance outcomes in both sexes, and introduces the validated IOC REDs Clinical Assessment Tool version 2 (CAT2). Strong as a consensus statement; many downstream effects rest on observational data.